[恒溫恒濕試驗箱]恒溫恒濕試驗箱是(shi)能(neng)同(tong)時施加溫度、濕度應(ying)力的試驗箱設備

　　隨著我(wo)國(guo)(guo)工業(ye)(ye)產品(pin)研制(zhi)的(de)需要，近幾年來，低溫水浴我(wo)國(guo)(guo)從(cong)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)引進(jin)了(le)(le)大(da)批試驗系統，為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)工業(ye)(ye)產品(pin)的(de)研制(zhi)和(he)定(ding)型發(fa)揮了(le)(le)重(zhong)要作用，但由于(yu)其本(ben)身(shen)的(de)復雜性(xing)，使得試驗箱(xiang)在(zai)操作運行(xing)中出現了(le)(le)不少問題，而且一部(bu)分問題不能(neng)及(ji)時解(jie)決，大(da)大(da)延長了(le)(le)試驗周期，影響了(le)(le)產品(pin)的(de)研制(zhi)進(jin)程。產生(sheng)這些現象的(de)主要原(yuan)因是對恒溫恒濕試驗箱(xiang)組成及(ji)原(yuan)理(li)的(de)不了(le)(le)解(jie)。為(wei)此，我(wo)們對試驗箱(xiang)的(de)組成及(ji)原(yuan)理(li)作以下闡(chan)述。

　　1.恒(heng)溫恒(heng)濕(shi)試驗箱的組成：主要分為電氣和(he)(he)機械制冷(leng)兩大方(fang)面，如：制冷(leng)系(xi)統(tong)，加熱系(xi)統(tong)，控制系(xi)統(tong)，溫度系(xi)統(tong)空氣循(xun)環系(xi)統(tong)，和(he)(he)傳感器系(xi)統(tong)等組成。

　　2. 工(gong)作原理(li)及過程：

　　2.1 制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)系統(tong)是(shi)(shi)綜合試(shi)驗箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。一(yi)(yi)般來(lai)(lai)說，試(shi)驗箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)方式都是(shi)(shi)機械(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)以(yi)及輔(fu)助液氮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，機械(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)采(cai)用(yong)蒸(zheng)汽壓縮式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，它們主要(yao)由(you)壓縮機，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器，節(jie)流(liu)機構和(he)蒸(zheng)發器組成，低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水槽(cao)由(you)于我們試(shi)驗的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)要(yao)達到(dao)-55℃，單級制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)難以(yi)滿足(zu)滿足(zu)要(yao)求，因此試(shi)驗箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)方式一(yi)(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)復疊式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)。我司(東莞市科寶試(shi)驗設備有限(xian)公司)生產的(de)(de)(de)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)恒濕箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)系統(tong)由(you)兩部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)組成，分(fen)(fen)別稱為高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)和(he)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)，每一(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個相對(dui)獨(du)立的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)系統(tong)。高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)中制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)發吸收來(lai)(lai)自(zi)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)熱量而汽化;低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)發則從被冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)象(xiang)(試(shi)驗箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)空氣)吸熱以(yi)獲取冷(leng)(leng)(leng)量。高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)和(he)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)間是(shi)(shi)用(yong)一(yi)(yi)個蒸(zheng)發冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器聯系起來(lai)(lai)，它既是(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器。STH系列試(shi)驗箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)采(cai)用(yong)中溫(wen)(wen)(wen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)，低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)是(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)，箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)能達到(dao)-70-150℃.熱系統(tong)功率都比較大(da)，而且在試(shi)驗箱(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)底板(ban)也(ye)設有加熱器。

　　2.2 控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統是綜(zong)合試驗(yan)箱(xiang)的(de)核(he)心，它(ta)決定了試驗(yan)箱(xiang)的(de)升溫(wen)速率，精(jing)度等重要指標。現在(zai)試驗(yan)箱(xiang)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器大(da)都采用(yong)PID控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，也有(you)少部(bu)分(fen)采用(yong)PID與模糊控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)相組合的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方式。恒(heng)溫(wen)振蕩(dang)器由于控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統基本上屬于軟(ruan)件(jian)的(de)范疇，而且(qie)此部(bu)分(fen)在(zai)使用(yong)過程中，一般不(bu)會(hui)出現問題(ti)。

　　2.3 加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱系(xi)統(tong)：試驗(yan)(yan)箱的加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)熱系(xi)統(tong)相(xiang)對制(zhi)冷系(xi)統(tong)而言，是比較簡(jian)單。它主要有大功率電阻絲組成，由(you)于試驗(yan)(yan)箱要求的升溫速(su)率較大，因此試驗(yan)(yan)箱的加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)溫度系(xi)統(tong)分為加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和除濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩個子(zi)系(xi)統(tong)。試驗(yan)(yan)箱的加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方式一般采用蒸汽(qi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法，即將低壓蒸汽(qi)直接注入試驗(yan)(yan)空間加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。這種加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方法加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能力(li)，速(su)度快，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)靈敏，尤(you)其在降溫時容(rong)易實現(xian)強制(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

　　2.4 試(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)的(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)方式有(you)兩(liang)種：機械制冷(leng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)和(he)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)。機械制冷(leng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)的(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)原理是(shi)將(jiang)空(kong)(kong)氣冷(leng)卻到露點(dian)溫度以下(xia)，使大于飽和(he)含濕(shi)(shi)量的(de)水汽(qi)凝結析出(chu)，這(zhe)樣(yang)就降低了濕(shi)(shi)度。干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)器除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)是(shi)利(li)用(yong)氣泵(beng)將(jiang)試(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)內(nei)的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣抽出(chu)，并將(jiang)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣注入，同時將(jiang)濕(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)氣送入可循環利(li)用(yong)的(de)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)進(jin)行干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)，干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)完(wan)后(hou)又送入試(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)內(nei)，如此反復循環進(jin)行除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)。現(xian)在大部分綜(zong)合試(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)采(cai)用(yong)前(qian)一(yi)種除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)方式法，后(hou)一(yi)種的(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)濕(shi)(shi)方法，可以使露點(dian)溫度達到0℃一(yi)下(xia)。適用(yong)于有(you)特(te)殊要求的(de)場合，但費用(yong)較貴(gui)。

　　2.5 恒(heng)溫(wen)恒(heng)濕(shi)(shi)試驗箱的傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)主要是(shi)溫(wen)度(du)和濕(shi)(shi)度(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。溫(wen)度(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)應用較多的是(shi)鉑電組(zu)和熱電偶。濕(shi)(shi)度(du)的測量(liang)(liang)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有兩種：干(gan)濕(shi)(shi)球(qiu)(qiu)溫(wen)度(du)計法(fa)(fa)和固(gu)(gu)態電子式傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)直接測量(liang)(liang)法(fa)(fa)。由(you)于干(gan)濕(shi)(shi)球(qiu)(qiu)法(fa)(fa)測量(liang)(liang)精度(du)不高，現在的試驗箱正逐步(bu)的以固(gu)(gu)態傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)代替(ti)干(gan)濕(shi)(shi)球(qiu)(qiu)來進(jin)行濕(shi)(shi)度(du)的測量(liang)(liang)。

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