[恒溫恒濕試驗箱]恒溫恒濕箱六大框架結構和操作原理

　　1.制冷

　　制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)體系是(shi)(shi)歸納試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)要害部(bu)(bu)分之(zhi)一(yi)。一(yi)般來說，恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)恒濕試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)辦法(fa)都是(shi)(shi)機(ji)械制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)以(yi)及輔助液氮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)，機(ji)械制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)選用(yong)蒸汽(qi)壓(ya)縮式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)，它(ta)們主要由(you)壓(ya)縮機(ji)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝器(qi)，節省組織和蒸騰(teng)(teng)器(qi)組成(cheng)。假如咱(zan)們實驗(yan)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)要到(dao)達-60℃，單級制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)難(nan)以(yi)滿足要求，姑蘇(su)欣(xin)匯寶恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)恒濕箱(xiang)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)辦法(fa)一(yi)般選用(yong)復疊式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)。恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)恒濕箱(xiang)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)體系由(you)兩(liang)部(bu)(bu)分組成(cheng)，別離(li)稱為高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分和低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分，每一(yi)部(bu)(bu)分是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)相(xiang)對獨立的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)體系。高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分中制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)蒸騰(teng)(teng)吸收來自低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)熱(re)量而汽(qi)化;低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)蒸騰(teng)(teng)則從(cong)被冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻的(de)(de)目標(biao)(試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱(xiang)內(nei)的(de)(de)空氣)吸熱(re)以(yi)獲取(qu)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)量。高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分和低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分之(zhi)間是(shi)(shi)用(yong)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)蒸騰(teng)(teng)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝器(qi)聯系起來，它(ta)既是(shi)(shi)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝器(qi)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)分的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝器(qi)。 

　　2.加熱

　　恒(heng)溫恒(heng)濕試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱的(de)加(jia)(jia)熱體系相(xiang)對制冷體系而(er)言，是比(bi)較簡單(dan)。它主(zhu)要(yao)有大(da)功(gong)率(lv)電阻絲組成，因為試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)升溫速率(lv)快，因而(er)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱的(de)加(jia)(jia)熱體系功(gong)率(lv)也會(hui)隨著要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)變大(da)。并(bing)且(qie)在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱的(de)底板也設(she)有加(jia)(jia)熱器。

　　3.操控

　　恒(heng)溫恒(heng)濕試(shi)驗箱操(cao)控(kong)體系(xi)是歸納(na)試(shi)驗箱的(de)中心，它決議了試(shi)驗箱的(de)升溫速率(lv)，精度等(deng)重要指標。現(xian)(xian)在(zai)試(shi)驗箱的(de)操(cao)控(kong)器大都選用PID操(cao)控(kong)，也有少部(bu)分(fen)選用PID與含糊(hu)操(cao)控(kong)相(xiang)組合的(de)操(cao)控(kong)辦法。因為操(cao)控(kong)體系(xi)基本上歸于軟件(jian)的(de)領域，并且此(ci)部(bu)分(fen)在(zai)使用過程中，一(yi)般不會出(chu)現(xian)(xian)問題。

　　4.濕度

　　恒(heng)溫恒(heng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)試驗(yan)箱溫度體系(xi)分為(wei)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)和除濕(shi)(shi)(shi)兩個子體系(xi)。加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)辦法(fa)一般選用蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)，即將低壓蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)直接注入實(shi)驗(yan)空(kong)間加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)。這種加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)辦法(fa)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)才(cai)能，速度快，加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)操控靈(ling)敏，尤其在(zai)降溫時容易(yi)完成(cheng)強制加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)。

　　除濕(shi)(shi)(shi)辦法有兩種：機(ji)械制冷(leng)除濕(shi)(shi)(shi)和枯(ku)燥(zao)除濕(shi)(shi)(shi)。機(ji)械制冷(leng)除濕(shi)(shi)(shi)的除濕(shi)(shi)(shi)原理是(shi)將(jiang)空(kong)氣(qi)冷(leng)卻到(dao)露點(dian)溫(wen)度(du)以(yi)下，使大(da)于飽滿含濕(shi)(shi)(shi)量的水汽凝聚分出，這樣(yang)就降(jiang)低了濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)。枯(ku)燥(zao)器除濕(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)利用氣(qi)泵將(jiang)試(shi)驗箱(xiang)內(nei)的空(kong)氣(qi)抽出，并將(jiang)枯(ku)燥(zao)的空(kong)氣(qi)注入(ru)，一起將(jiang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)氣(qi)送入(ru)可(ke)循環利用的枯(ku)燥(zao)進行枯(ku)燥(zao)，枯(ku)燥(zao)完后(hou)又送入(ru)試(shi)驗箱(xiang)內(nei)，如此重復循環進行除濕(shi)(shi)(shi)。現在大(da)部分歸(gui)納(na)試(shi)驗箱(xiang)選用前一種除濕(shi)(shi)(shi)辦法法，后(hou)一種的除濕(shi)(shi)(shi)辦法，可(ke)以(yi)使露點(dian)溫(wen)度(du)到(dao)達(da)0℃一下。適用于有特殊要求(qiu)的場合，但費用較貴(gui)。

　　5.傳感器

　　恒溫恒濕試驗箱(xiang)傳(chuan)感器(qi)主要是(shi)溫度和濕度傳(chuan)感器(qi)。溫度傳(chuan)感器(qi)使用較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)是(shi)鉑電(dian)組和熱電(dian)偶。濕度的(de)丈量辦(ban)法有兩種(zhong)：干(gan)(gan)濕球溫度計法和固(gu)態電(dian)子式(shi)傳(chuan)感器(qi)直接丈量法。因為(wei)干(gan)(gan)濕球法丈量精度不(bu)高(gao)，現(xian)在的(de)恒溫恒濕箱(xiang)正逐漸的(de)以固(gu)態傳(chuan)感器(qi)替代干(gan)(gan)濕球來進(jin)行濕度的(de)丈量。

　　6.送風循環

　　恒溫恒濕試驗箱空氣循環體系正(zheng)常情況下由(you)離心式(shi)風(feng)扇和驅動其運轉的電(dian)組(zu)織成(cheng)。它提(ti)供了(le)試驗箱內(nei)空氣的循環。